Fab India Case Study free essay sample

FAB INDIA Company profile †¢ History In 1958, well before American companies were sourcing from India, John Bissell left his position as a buyer for Macy’s New York to work as a consultant for the Ford Foundation in order to develop India’s export potential in its emerging textile industry. What Bissell discovered was a village-based industry with a profusion of skills hidden from the world. Determined to showcase Indian handloom textiles while providing equitable employment to traditional artisans, Bissell established Fabindia in 1960 in order to fuse the best aspects of East/West collaboration. Fifteen years later the first Fabindia retail store was opened in Greater Kailash, New Delhi with a range of upholstery fabrics, durries and home linens. By the early eighties, we started producing garments made from hand woven and hand block printed fabrics. Over the years the focus of Fabindias marketing shifted from exports to the local Indian retail market. What started as an export house has today become a successful retail business presenting Indian textiles in a variety of natural fibers, and home products including  furniture, lights and lamps, stationery, home accessories, pottery and cutlery. Extending this partnership to the farmers in rural areas, Fabindia launched its organic food products range in 2004. Fabindias authentic Personal care products range is also being launched at all Fabindia outlets. Today they have retail outlets in all major cities of India 110 at last count in addition to international stores in Dubai, UAE; 3 stores in Bahrain; Doha, State of Qutar and Rome, Italy. †¢ Vision and Mission Fabindia believes that it does more than just collect and sell handicrafts. It sees itself as an enabler of a certain way of life. By doing its business n a certain way, it is trying to demonstrate that the urban living model is not the only path to development for a society. It istrying to prove that old patterns of living do not have to be sacrificed forthe sake of modernization and development. Gandhiji had a vision of an India built around its villages but the model of development followed in India and elsewhere led to the growth of an urban centric economy . Fabindia is trying to present an alternate vision. Growth of urban areas does not necessarily mean the death of the village. One is not necessarily better than the other. Both need each other. There exists a symbiotic relationship. Long before corporate social responsibility and eco-friendly business practices were seriously talked about in management, Fabindia practised these concepts. production of organic products, bringing out the village based skills which were hitherto hidden from the world, providing equitable employment to traditional artisans and market for their products, enabling the rural craftsmen to form self sustaining community based organizations and promoting natural dyes, natural fabrics, etc, were some of its activities symbolic of its socially responsible and ecofriendly practices. Future From a turnover of 36 crore rupees in 2000-01, Fabindia has grown to having aturnover of Rs. 130 crore in 2005-06. It registered a CAGR of about 38% in the period 2002-06. Such phenomenal growth has not come at the cost of profits. The profitability has been maintained at a rate of 6% for the entire period. For Fabindia William Bissell has set a very ambitious targe t of reaching 250 stores and a turnover of Rs. 1000 crore by 2011. The growth is expected to come from new stores as well as increase in sales from existing stores. That increase will be achieved by increased emphasis on premium products. Also, Fabindia has attempted to decrease its dependence on fabric based businesses by increasing its other product lines. Currently organic foods, body care products and handicrafts form a significant part of its total sales. Growth in locations was expected to come from expansion in promising overseas markets as well as a greater penetration of the markets in smaller towns in India. Fabindia planned to expand significantly in tier-II and tier-III cities in India. †¢ Products The product range consists of garments for men, women, children and infants; garment accessories;  home furnishings – bed, bath, table  and  kitchen linen, upholstery fabric, curtains, floor coverings and a range of non textile products like  furniture, lights, lamps and stationery. In addition to handcrafted clothing and home furnishings, Fabindia’s product line includes  organic foods  and personal care products. Fabindia Organics  carries several types of cereals, grains, pulses, spices, sugar, tea, coffee, honey, fruit preserves and herbs. Fabindia Sana- Fabindia’s range of authentic bodycare products includes soaps, shampoos, hair oils, pure oils, moisturisers, body scrubs, face packs, hair conditioners special skin care products. It also designes a line of trendy and informal wear for youngsters under the brand Teen Spirit. †¢ Presence in India and the world From a turnover of 36 crore rupees in 2000-01, Fabindia has grown to having a turnover of Rs. 130 crore in 2005-06. It registered a CAGR of about 38% in the period 2002-06. Such phenomenal growth has not come at the cost of profits. The profitability has been maintained at a rate of 6% for the entire period (See Figure- 2). For Fabindia William Bissell has set a very ambitious target of reaching 250 stores and a turnover of Rs. 1000 crore by 2011. The growth is expected to come from new stores as well as increase in sales from existing stores. That increase will be achieved by increased emphasis on premium products. Also, Fabindia has attempted to decrease its dependence on fabric based businesses by increasing its other product lines. Currently organic foods, body care products and handicrafts form a significant part of its total sales. Growth in locations was expected to come from expansion in overseas markets as well as a greater penetration of the markets in smaller towns in India. As mentioned earlier, Fabindia planned to expand significantly in tier-II and tier-III cities in India. India has a flourishing retail business but most of it is in the unorganized sector. There are estimated to be over 120 lakh stores in the country. Of this, organized retail is only 3% but is growing at the rate of 18%. This organized retail sector is vying for a share of the spending of India’s rapidly growing middle class whose purchasing power is estimated to be around Rs. 10 lakh crore. An estimate made by a professional demand forecaster shows that out of the total retail business potential, the Indian market for ethnic wear is likely to be a about Rs. 9000 crore. For geographies outside of India, there is a strong mysticism about Indian culture and hence the products reflective of Indian folk art hold great potential in those markets. Given the over 8% growth in the Indian market and an upwardly mobile India consumer, it was quite clear that product and services enable a customer to make a statement, are going to grow in volume and value. The question before Fabindia Management is that of making Fabindia product exclusive or mass product. If he decided to make it exclusive, then it will have to look at issues of product design, store layout and even the store ambiance. Increasingly, its competitors were using ethnic themes for their store layouts as also for designing garments exhibits. Online shopping presence Fabindia extends its international presence to new delivery destinations for online orders. Now people can shop from different destinations in the world, and Fabindia will deliver their order. These global destinations include Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Nepal, Northern Ir eland, Philippines, Portugal, Scotland, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, U. A. E. , USA and Wales. †¢ Manufacturing and sales facility |Fabindia does not have a company owned production unit. Our mission has always been to work with village-based | |artisans across India employing their regional textile skills and specialities. This commitment has helped preserve | |the traditional crafts of India and created employment opportunities in rural areas. Fabindia sources its products | |from over 40000 craft persons and artisans across India. We support the craft traditions of India by providing a | |market and thereby encourage and sustain rural employment. Today we have retail outlets in all major cities of India | |- 110 at last count in addition to international stores in Dubai, UAE; 3 stores in Bahrain; Doha, State of Qutar | |and Rome, Italy. | | |

One Flew Over The Cuckoo`s Nest Essays - Nurse Ratched,

One Flew Over The Cuckoo`s Nest There are many powers associated with both speech and silence. One can use either speech or silence to their advantage in a power struggle. Both can be very effective if used properly. In the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Nurse Ratched and McMurphy use the power of speech and Chief Bromden uses the power of silence. The power of speech can be used in a number of ways. McMurphy uses his power of speech to rally his fellow patients against the evil Nurse Ratched who is constantly taking their privileges away. He also uses it to get just about anything that he wants, by conning the other patients. Speech gains its power when the volume is raised, and when it is used to humiliate people. It can also be used to intimidate, to flirt and to threaten, all of which are key strategies to winning a power struggle. Speech is a vital utility in a power struggle if it is used properly. Silence can also be used in a power struggle. Chief Bromden used silence very effectively to his advantage. Everyone thought that he was deaf and dumb, but he has been faking it the whole time that he has been in the mental hospital. With Chief Bromden silence was extremely powerful. He was able to hear everything that went on in the meetings where the doctors and nurses discussed the future of the patients. Silence can also be used to gain power if you stop talking to someone (give them the silent treatment), because you gain more power in the situation. In a power struggle, silence can be used if someone is talking to you and you just don't respond, it causes great annoyance and frustration, and this is a key to victory in a power struggle.

Le rossignol essays

Le rossignol essays Le Rossignol est un lai de Marie de France qui setait traduire en vers romans de huit syllables entre les annee 1160 et 1180. Dans Le Rossignol, Marie de France examine lamour courtois et lamour de la court qui observe des regles. Un exemple de ses regles sappele **Traite de lamour courtois** de Andre Le Chapelain qui nous avons deja lu en classe. Marie de France a ecrit ce lai en troisieme personne. Donc, mous pouvons avoir une comprehension dans lensemble de lhistoire, comme le but, les images et le ton; mais, nous navons pas une complete comprehension des points de vue personnels des lepoux, la femme, et le voisin (lautre homme). Dans **Le Rossignol** par Marie de France, il y a un but evident, a mon avis. Cest clair que dans ce lai la femme dans le mariage na pas de pouvoir. Elle est marie avec un homme, mais est amoureuse dun autre homme. Cet amour ne sexprime pas a cause de lepoux. Cest une chose enervante, cest vrai. Et quand lepoux est tue le rossignol il est tue lamour entre la femme et lautre homme. Cest triste. Mais, pour un instant je veux explorer le point de vue de lepoux. Imaginez que vous etes lepoux dans ce lai. Vous etes marier avec une dame et vous avez lespoir dune vie contente et facile. Vous connaissez les regles de lamour et vous avez confiance en lavenir. Malheureusement, votre epouse fait des choses que vous naimez pas. Toutes les nuits elle va a la fenetre et elle ne reste pas avec vous. Enfin, vous tuez lexcuse quelle vous donne-le rossignol. Il y a des gens en ma classe qui pensent que lepoux etait mechant. Moi, je plainds lepoux. Il est la victim de lamour entre la femme et le voisin. Il ne fait rien a lautre homme ou sa femme directement quand il decouvre la verite...

Social Class and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Class and Gender - Essay Example Question 1-Movie and Gender Gender issues come out clearly in the movie. The interactions between the various characters and the roles given to them bring out the gender relationships. Mrs. Tuohy is an extremely strong woman in the movie despite her being a female. She is also highly demanding as she heads her household and controls all the decisions made in the family. This portrays changing gender roles in the family, where women have gained ultimate control and ability to make vital family decisions. The changing authority and roles of women clearly comes out in the movie when Mrs. Demands that they go back and help Big Mike. She even offers him a place to sleep at their home (Lewis 18). In relation to the course materials from the gender lectures, Mrs. Tuohy shows that women have the capacity to give out orders just like men. On this regard, therefore, both genders should make decisions in their home. Men should not always dominate as the heads of households. No gender should be superior to the other; all should have equal opportunity and be accorded equal rights (Lewis 22). Mrs. Tuohy represents a typical modern woman, who does not heed to the traditions, which sidelined women and favored men. Her character and actions depict women who have the determination to challenge the status quo in the society. Question 2-Movie and Social Class The issue of social class depicts itself in the movie, with some characters having an elevated social status, while others appear to be in the low social stratum. Michael Oher belongs to the lower social status as his family cannot afford to cater for his education. For many years, during his childhood, Michael was under foster care with various families in Tennessee and Memphis (Lewis 30). He runs away whenever placed in a new home. On the other hand, the Tuohys can be regarded as influential and belonging to the upper social class/status. They live in a beautiful mansion. Besides, the friends of the Tuohy family have riches and property similar to that of the Tuohys. In relation to the lecture notes, the social prestigious status of the Tuohy and the lower social of Michael Oher depict the differences in social status. Further, this portrays the vast differences between the poor and the rich in the society. The rich, wealthy, and influential members of the society can be able to afford a luxurious and a happy, desirable life. On the contrary, the poor have difficulties affording to cater for the basic needs of shelter and education. The fact that the families surrounding the Tuohys have a lot of wealth depicts the existence of strong links and networks among the rich (Lewis 35). In the beginning of the Movie, Mrs. Tuohy nearly gets influenced by her friends, who discourage her not to adopt Michael. The Friends argue that the decision to adopt Michael would negatively influence SJ, Tuohy’s son. This shows how the wealthy view the poor as deviant and having undesirable morals. Moreover, when Mich ael goes back to interact with his family and friends, the community appears as poor African Americans who engage in criminal activities as gangs. Question 3-Movie and Race/Ethnicity Scenes from the Blind Side depict the relations that exist between the characters based on their racial and ethnic affiliation. The Tuohys, who belong to the white race, live a prestigious life, while Oher has gone through numerous challenges in life. Racial stereotyping is represented when the family friends

Self-Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment - Essay Example The value of quality communication skills is immeasurable especially when it comes to creating personal development and creating relationships. I tend to think of myself as outgoing and love initiating warm up conversations with people (Robbins, 2008). In an attempt to determine my strengths and weaknesses in terms of communication, I took a test on face-to-face communication style. The results, which prove what my peers think of me, indicate that I have a stronghold in the areas of being friendly, attentive to matters and contentious (Robbins, 2008). In addition, I appeared not only secretive about my own issues but to also leave an impression on people. My weak point according to the test on the face-to-face communication style include not being effective in delivering message to a group, being a loud communicator and finding it difficult to control myself in a heated debate. Several factors contributed to the perception by my peers that I am friendly. The first attribute was that I ordinarily introduce myself and give a handshake coupled with a smile, every time I meet a new person (Robbins, 2008). My peers were of the view that I tend to show effort in remembering the names of individuals. Most of my friends stated that I tend to associate the names of individuals close to me with a unique feature. To add to that is the perception that I often use courtesy words for instance Thank you and your welcome. According to Robbins (2008), with regard to the issue of paying attention to detail, majority of my peer argued that I occasionally make a lot of eye contact and nod my head to show understanding on an issue. My body language says it all as depending on the environment, I usually lean forward on the side of the speaker thereby indicating focus on the message. The perception of my contentiousness arises from the judgment that I argue my points from facts.

Bitcoin as a Worldwide Currency

Bitcoin as a Worldwide Currency Andrew Rushing Priscilla Hartley Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency, has been the topic of many debates since its conception, on whether it should be considered as a viable worldwide currency for international trade. Bitcoin is a type of currency known as cryptocurrency; it is an all virtual currency that can be used at some online shops and to pay bills from a few different companies. Bitcoin should not be consider a viable worldwide currency for international trade, with its lack of a standard to back it up, whether it would have been by gold or silver. The non-supporters, of using the Bitcoin as a worldwide currency, argue against the Bitcoin by saying the currency is not very stable. In Christopher Matthews’ 2014 Time Magazine article, he states, â€Å"On December 6th and 7th of last year, the value of one Bitcoin fell from $1200 to $600 in the course of 48 hours. The non-supporter of the Bitcoin currency would use this example of a value drop to deface the value of the Bitcoin, because if a company were to store all of its wealth in the bitcoin currency and the currency had another drop like that forty-eight hour period in December of 2013, the company could face bankruptcy as stated by Christopher Matthews in his 2014 Time Magazine article. (Matthews, 2014, Paragraph 6) Most people seem to find the currency as more of gambling or the stock market then a currency to use for shopping, because of its spontaneous drop and rises of value. Besides the lack of stability of value in Bitcoins, non-supporters of the cryptocurrency argue that the currency is not protected well, according to Erin Negley, Hackers are a problem when it comes to the Bitcoin system; he feels hardly anything was done when hackers hacked into a Bitcoin Market and stole billons of the cryptocurrency. Non-Supporters of the Bitcoin system feel there is a lack of traceable information, so it could be used to act out acts of terror by terrorist. One person who is intrigue with the use of Bitcoin, Judy Walker, says some people feel Bitcoins are a lot safer than credit or debit cards because there is a lot less personal information stored in the records for Bitcoin accounts. Another reason supporters feel that Bitcoins should be more widely used as a worldwide currency is that international transaction, such as sending money to someone in another country, in their opinion is a lot easier and faster using Bitcoins over transferring country by country currency that would have to be transferred into a different currency and cause fees to be charged. Judy Walker is intrigued by the Bitcoin, but she says she would rather stay with the dollar for now. Marc Andreessen, a supporter of Bitcoins, states in his 2014 New York Times article that he feels the Bitcoin is a lot more consumer friendly because of the lack of fees for transfers, that banks would have charged the consumer. He also states in the 2014 New York Times article, He fee ls the use of Bitcoin would bring underdeveloped countries into the modern world when it comes to economical standards set by the first world countries. He also thinks that Bitcoins could help the â€Å"underbanked† citizens in the United States by having lower fees then the conventional banking systems offer. Andressen later states his opinion on an issue that the non-supporters of Bitcoin express, â€Å"Finally, I’d like to address the claim made by some critics that Bitcoin is a haven for bad behavior, for criminals and terrorists to transfer money anonymously with impunity. This is a myth, fostered mostly by sensationalistic press coverage and an incomplete understanding of the technology. Much like email, which is quite traceable, Bitcoin is pseudonymous, not anonymous. Further, every transaction in the Bitcoin network is tracked and logged forever in the Bitcoin blockchain, or permanent record, available for all to see. As a result, Bitcoin is considerably easie r for law enforcement to trace than cash, gold or diamonds.†(Andressen, paragraph 31) There are many different points of views when it comes to the Bitcoin system being used as a worldwide currency. The non-supporters, who feel it should not be used as a worldwide currency, state that the system is not very reliable when it comes to value, and the system is not very secured as nothing was done when billons of Bitcoins were stolen from a Bitcoin market. The supporters, who feel the Bitcoin should be used as a worldwide currency, state that the system is more secure because it does not require information about the consumer to be release to the buyer as that of a debit or credit card would. The supporters also feel that the Bitcoin would make international trading easier, making it easier to send money to family members back in another country, and would help the â€Å"underbanked† citizens of the United States by having lower fees than that of a conventional banking system. The Bitcoin system is a system that does not have a standard to back it up, the value inc reases and decreases rapidly; therefore the system should not be used for a worldwide currency. Annotated Bibliography Andreessen, Marc. Why Bitcoin Matters. New York Times, January 21, 2014, www.nytimes.com. Andreessen discusses the history of the bitcoin from conception to present. The article includes information on what a bitcoin is and how the currency is valued. He gives facts, with information to back those facts up. An obvious plus of this article is that, the author uses both arguments for and against the use of bitcoins virtual cryptocurrency as a worldwide currency; he does use expressive words when discussing the opinions of both sides. Because of the use of opinions in this article, care would be needed to stay unbiased when taking things from this source. This source would be overall an okay source to use for a research paper. CHAFKIN, MAX. CAN BITCOIN CLEAN UP ITS ACT? (Cover Story). Details 33.4 (2015): 94. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. This article is on the virtual cryptocurrency, called Bitcoin. The article goes over the beginnings of the international conference series Coin Congress, the assistance for finances offered by Crypto Currency Partners for bitcoins startup, and plans of hackers. He goes over how the leaders of the bitcoin movement are now being shut out by the elite member of American Society, where at the beginning it was mostly used by hackers, drug dealers, and illegal arms traffickers. This article is okay to use, but the writer of a research paper would need to be carefully when using direct quotes from the article. Matthews, Christopher. Why Economists Are Right to Hate on Bitcoin. Time, January 3, 2014, www.time.com. This article is based around the cons of using Bitcoins as a currency. The author uses financial records and his background in the financial world to show his statements are able to be backed up. He states that businesses would not want to use the bitcoin virtual currency because the currency is not very stable. The currency value dropped 600 dollars in the matter of two days which would have caused any businesses to be on the verge of financial collapse if they had store their revenues in bitcoins. He does state the opposite sides opinions and answers them with his own response. The author does a good job at stating facts and when he says his opinion it is quite obvious that it is an opinion. I believe if the writer of the research paper is careful this would be a good source to use for the research paper. Negley, Erin. Bitcoin basics. Reading Eagle (PA) 01 June 2014: Points of View Reference Center. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. The author explains that bitcoins are a cryptocurrency. He provides an overview of the mining system used for bitcoins. He states that little is done when hackers hack the system, taking billions of the virtual currency known as bitcoins. He provides an overview of the markets used to exchange the cryptocurrency. The article provides both the benefits, that those who agree with the bitcoin virtual currency system uses to support their belief, and the drawbacks, that those who disagree with the bitcoin virtual currency system uses to support their beliefs. The article provides information about where you can use the bitcoins, both in online stores and brick and mortar businesses. He goes over the potential that bitcoins have. He uses very little expressive language in the parts of his article consisting of pure facts, but there are spots where he uses people opinions and those have expressive language in those opinions. He uses facts and opinions used by both sides, those who agree and disagree with the bitcoin system, this would be a great source to use for a research paper. Walker, Judy. Bitcoins: The Future Of Money?. Faces 31.6 (2015): 20. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. The author provides information on bitcoins, and she mentions that bitcoin are a form of money used on online shopping. She later states that bitcoins can be used to exchange for goods and services also at brick and mortar business in everyday life. He also states that some consumers feel better about using bitcoins over credit cards and debit cards, because little information is needed about the consumer. The use of bitcoins also makes international trading easier. The author uses more facts than opinions, but states opinions supporting bitcoins as a virtual currency are stated. A drawback of this source is the lack of opposing views, the author states those opinion that only agree with the use of bitcoin virtual cryptocurrency. This could be a source to use for a paper, however care would be needed to make sure the use of opinions in this article are not transferred to the r esearch paper, as a fact because this would be bias.

The Wizard Who Flew Through Biology

___24. In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____25. In which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____26. The probability of a mutation at a particular gene locus is ____, and the probability of a mutation in the genome of a particular individual is ____. a. high; low b. low; high c. low; low d. high; high e. moderate; moderate ____27. Which factor is the most important in producing the variability that occurs in each generation of humans? a. mutation b. sexual recombination c. genetic drift d. nonrandom mating e. natural selection ____28. In a large, sexually reproducing population, the frequency of an allele changes from 0. 6 to 0. 2. From this change, one can most logically assume that, in this environment, a. the allele is neutral. b. the allele mutates readily. c. random processes have changed allelic frequencies. d. there is no sexual selection. e. the allele reduces fitness. ____29. You are maintaining a small population of fruit flies in the laboratory by transferring the flies to a new culture bottle after each generation. After several generations, you notice that the viability of the flies has decreased greatly. Recognizing that small population size is likely to be linked to decreased viability, the best way to reverse this trend is to a. cross your flies with flies from another lab. b. reduce the number of flies that you transfer at each generation. c. transfer only the largest flies. d. change the temperature at which you rear the flies. e. hock the flies with a brief treatment of heat or cold to make them more hardy. ____30. If the frequency of a particular allele that is present in a small, isolated population of alpine plants should change due to a landslide that leaves an even smaller remnant of surviving plants, then what has occurred? a. a bottleneck b. genetic drift c. microevolution d. A and B only e. A, B, and C ____31. Through time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing a. nonrandom reproduction. b. geographic isolation. c. enetic drift. d. mutations. e. gene flow. ____32. Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between a. species. b. males and females. c. populations. d. individuals. e. chromosomes. Use the information below to answer the following questions. In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited Earthlike planet in the Andromeda galaxy. The colonists and their offspring randomly mate for generations. All ten of the original colonists had free earlobes, and two were heterozygous for that trait. The allele for free earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes. ____33. If four of the original colonists died before they produced offspring, the ratios of genotypes could be quite different in the subsequent generations. This is an example of a. diploidy. b. gene flow. c. genetic drift. d. disruptive selection. e. stabilizing selection. ____34. The higher the proportion of loci that are â€Å"fixed† in a population, the lower is that population's a. nucleotide variability. b. genetic polymorphism. c. average heterozygosity. d. A, B, and C e. A and B only Choose among these options to answer the following questions. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. random selection B. directional selection C. stabilizing selection D. disruptive selection E. sexual selection ____35. A certain species of land snail exists as either a cream color or a solid brown color. Intermediate individuals are relatively rare. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____36. Pathogenic bacteria found in many hospitals are antibiotic resistant. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____37. Heterozygote advantage should be most closely linked to which of the following? . sexual selection b. stabilizing selection c. random selection d. directional selection e. disruptive selection In a very large population, a quantitative trait has the following distribution pattern: ____38. If the curve shifts to the left or to the right, there is no gene flow, and the population size consequently increases over successive generations, then which of these is (are) probably occurrin g? 1. immigration or emigration 2. directional selection 3. adaptation 4. genetic drift 5. disruptive selection a. 1 only b. 4 only c. 2 and 3 d. 4 and 5 e. 1, 2, and 3 ____39. Male satin bowerbirds adorn structures that they build, called â€Å"bowers,† with parrot feathers, flowers, and other bizarre ornaments in order to attract females. Females inspect the bowers and, if suitably impressed, allow males to mate with them, after which they go off to nest by themselves. The evolution of this behavior is best described as due to a. survival of the fittest. b. artificial selection. c. sexual selection. d. natural selection. e. disruptive selection. ____40. In many animal species, mature males are much larger than mature females. This size difference can be attributed to a. ale hormones having a more positive effect on body size than female hormones do. b. the operation of intrasexual selection. c. females preferentially selecting larger males as mates. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C ____41. Adult male vervet monkeys have red penises and blue scrotums. Males use their colorful genitalia in dominance displays wherein they compete with each other for acc ess to females. The coloration of the male genitalia is best explained as the result of ____, and specifically of ____. a. natural selection; stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection; intrasexual selection . sexual selection; intrasexual selection d. natural selection; intersexual selection e. sexual selection; disruptive selection ____42. When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i. e. , other than a 50:50 ratio), the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents than do the offspring of the majority sex. This is most clearly an example of a. sexual selection. b. disruptive selection. c. balancing selection. d. stabilizing selection. e. frequency-dependent selection. ____43. Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. II. Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life. III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful reproduction is possible. a. I only b. II only c. I and III d. II and III e. I, II, and III ____44. Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic isolating mechanism? a. sterile offspring b. ecological isolation c. geographic isolation . gametic incompatibility e. timing of courtship display ____45. Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms? a. reduced hybrid fertility b. hybrid breakdown c. mechanical isolation d. habitat isolation e. gametic isolation ____46. Two species of frogs belo nging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring do not complete development. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate? a. he postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability b. the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown c. the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility d. gametic isolation e. adaptation ____47. A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is a. the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones. b. asexually reproducing populations. c. geographic isolation. d. artificial selection. e. large populations. ____48. According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the â€Å"sudden† appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that a. the species is now extinct. b. peciation occurred instantaneously. c. speciation occurred in one generation. d. speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time. e. the species will consequently have a relatively short existence, compared with other species. ____49. Which of the following would be a position held by an adherent of the punctuated equilibrium theory? a. A new species forms most of its unique features as it comes into existence and then changes little for the duration of its existence. b. One should expect to find many transitional fossils left by organisms in the process of forming new species. . Given enough time, most existing species will gradually evolve into new species. d. Natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. e. Most speciation is anagenetic. ____50. Which of the following statements about speciation is correct? a. The goal of natural selection is speciation. b. When reunited, two allopatric populations will not interbreed. c. Natural selection chooses the reproductive barriers for populations. d. Prezygotic reproductive barriers usually evolve before postzygotic barriers. e. Speciation is included within the concept of macroevolution.